Articles

Practical guides to learning Japanese, the JLPT, travelling in Japan, building a career there and working with Japanese customers, from the Hanabuddies team.

Learning Japanese

Where to start, how to study and the building blocks of Japanese: kana, kanji, grammar and pronunciation.

What’s the Best Way to Learn Japanese? A Plan for Your Goal

The best way to learn Japanese: start from your goal, combine a structured course, daily review, input and speaking practice, with a sample week and common mistakes to avoid.

3 min read
Casual vs Polite Japanese: When to Use Desu/Masu

Plain vs desu/masu Japanese: who gets which style, how to switch from polite to casual, common contractions like -teru and -chau, and where keigo fits.

4 min read
Free Japanese Trial Lesson: What Happens and How to Prepare

What happens in a free Japanese trial lesson, whether you need to prepare, what to look for in a tutor, and how to choose one-to-one or group lessons afterwards.

3 min read
Getting Back into Japanese After a Break: How to Restart Without Starting Over

Returning to Japanese after years away? What you keep and lose, how to check your level, where to restart and a four-week plan to get your Japanese back.

3 min read
How to Get the Most Out of Your Japanese Lessons

Practical tips to make Japanese lessons pay off: setting a concrete goal, what to bring, how to speak more in class, how to review between lessons and how to check your progress.

3 min read
Giving and Receiving in Japanese: Ageru, Kureru and Morau

When to use ageru, kureru and morau in Japanese, how direction and “your side” decide the verb, the polite forms (sashiageru, kudasaru, itadaku), favours with ~te kureru and ~te morau, and the most common mistakes.

2 min read
Handwriting a Japanese Letter When You Don’t Read Japanese Yet

How to handwrite a letter in Japanese: getting a copy-friendly text from a translator, choosing letter paper and pens, copying vertical writing neatly, signing, folding and sending.

4 min read
How Long Does It Take to Learn Japanese?

How long does Japanese really take to learn? Realistic stages from kana to working proficiency, and the study habits that speed you up or slow you down.

4 min read
How Many Japanese Words Do You Need? Vocabulary by Goal and JLPT Level

Roughly how many Japanese words you need for travel, daily life, conversation, work and each JLPT level, which words to learn first and how fast you can learn them.

3 min read
How Much Do Japanese Lessons Cost? What Affects the Price and How to Get Value

What drives the price of Japanese lessons: private vs group, tutor vs school, online vs in person and specialist lessons, plus our prices and how to judge value.

3 min read
How Many Japanese Lessons a Week Do You Need?

How often to take Japanese lessons for your goal, why spacing beats cramming, 30 vs 60-minute lessons, what to do between lessons and signs you need more or fewer.

3 min read
How to Become Fluent in Japanese: What It Takes and a Realistic Path

What fluency in Japanese means, how long it takes for English speakers, a three-stage path, the habits of learners who get there and whether you can do it outside Japan.

3 min read
How to Choose a Japanese Tutor: What to Look For and What to Ask

How to choose a Japanese tutor: start from your goal, what matters in a tutor, questions to ask before booking, getting the most from a trial lesson, and red flags to watch for.

4 min read
How to Improve Your Japanese Writing: Practice, Corrections and Style

How to improve your Japanese writing: choosing the kind of writing you need, writing little and often, getting corrections, model texts, linking words, style and typing vs handwriting.

3 min read
How to Learn Kanji Without Getting Overwhelmed

A calmer way to learn kanji: break characters into radicals, learn them inside real words, use spaced repetition wisely, and let reading do the heavy lifting.

4 min read
How to Say No in Japanese Politely: Soft Refusals for Friends and Work

Why a direct no sounds strong in Japanese, soft phrases like chotto and kekkō desu, declining invitations, saying no at work, and how to recognise a polite refusal.

3 min read
How to Start Reading in Japanese: A Path from Beginner to Novels

When and how to start reading in Japanese: a reading path by level, intensive and extensive reading, useful tools and tips for building reading speed and confidence.

3 min read
How to Think in Japanese Instead of Translating

Why translating in your head slows you down, six daily habits that build Japanese thinking, how to work around missing words, and how long it usually takes.

3 min read
How to Type in Japanese on Your Phone and Computer

How to set up a Japanese keyboard on Windows, Mac, iPhone and Android, the romaji typing rules that confuse beginners, choosing kanji, and the flick keyboard.

4 min read
How to Write a Letter in Japanese: Structure, Openings and Politeness

How a Japanese letter is structured: opening and closing word pairs like haikei and keigu, the seasonal greeting, the main text and sign-off, and how politeness changes with the reader.

4 min read
Intensive Japanese Lessons: What a Crash Course Can Achieve in a Few Weeks

What you can realistically learn in a few weeks of intensive Japanese lessons, who it suits, how to structure a crash course, and how to keep what you learn.

3 min read
Stuck at Intermediate Japanese? How to Break Through the Plateau

Why Japanese learners plateau at intermediate level and how to break through: more native input, using the grammar you know, concrete goals and how a tutor helps.

4 min read
Is Japanese Hard to Learn? An Honest Guide for English Speakers

Is Japanese hard for English speakers? What's easier than you think, what's genuinely hard (kanji, word order, keigo, listening) and what makes learning Japanese easier.

5 min read
Japanese Adjectives: I-Adjectives and Na-Adjectives Explained

How Japanese i-adjectives and na-adjectives work, with conjugation tables for negative and past forms, the irregular いい, joining adjectives and common mistakes.

3 min read
Japanese Conditionals Explained: To, Ba, Tara and Nara

When to use と, ば, たら and なら for “if” in Japanese, how to form each one, the mistakes learners make most and how to practise until the right one comes naturally.

3 min read
Japanese Conversation Practice: How to Improve Your Speaking Outside Japan

How to practise Japanese conversation online when you don't live in Japan: tutors, language exchange, shadowing, self-talk, structuring lessons and how to stop freezing.

5 min read
Getting Your Japanese Writing Corrected: Essays, Diaries and Exam Answers

How to get Japanese essays and writing corrected by a native speaker so you actually improve: what correction covers, what to send, coursework rules, AI tools and proofreading.

3 min read
Japanese Family Words: Haha or Okāsan? Talking About Your Family and Theirs

Humble and polite Japanese family words, what families call each other at home, words for husband and wife, in-laws, and the mistakes learners make most often.

3 min read
Japanese Flashcards and Spaced Repetition: How to Use Them Well

How spaced repetition (SRS) works for Japanese vocabulary and kanji, how to make good flashcards, how many new cards to add a day and the mistakes that make learners quit.

3 min read
Learning Japanese as a Chinese Speaker: What’s Easy, What’s Hard

How Mandarin and Cantonese speakers can use their kanji head start, the grammar, readings and false friends that still trip them up, and how to study so speaking keeps up with reading.

3 min read
Japanese for YouTubers, Streamers and Content Creators

Japanese for creators who want a Japanese audience: channel greetings and sign-offs, talking to viewers in live chat, titles and tags Japanese viewers search for, subtitles, collaborations and cultural points.

2 min read
Japanese for French Speakers: What’s Easier and What to Watch

What French speakers find easier in Japanese (tu/vous and politeness, pure vowels, French loanwords) and what takes practice: the h sound, the Japanese r, long vowels, word order and kanji.

2 min read
Japanese for German Speakers: What’s Easier and What to Watch

Learning Japanese as a German speaker: why verb-final clauses, case-like particles, compound words and vowel length give you a head start, and the sounds, pitch and politeness levels to practise.

3 min read
Japanese for Heritage Learners: Lessons for People Who Grew Up with Japanese

Why standard courses rarely fit heritage speakers of Japanese, what heritage-focused lessons cover, common goals, and tips for parents raising children with Japanese.

3 min read
Japanese for Homeschoolers: A Practical Plan for Families

How homeschool families can teach Japanese without speaking it at home: a sample first year, tips for parents, credit and the JLPT, and how online lessons with a native tutor fit in.

2 min read
Learning Japanese as a Korean Speaker: Head Starts and Traps

Why Japanese is easier for Korean speakers (word order, particles, shared vocabulary), the sounds, kanji and false friends that still cause trouble, and how to study efficiently.

3 min read
Japanese for Martial Arts Students: Dojo Words, Phrases and Training in Japan

Japanese for karate, judo, aikido and kendo students: what dojo words really mean, how to pronounce them, phrases for every session, counting and how to prepare for training in Japan.

3 min read
Japanese for Spanish Speakers: What’s Easier and What to Watch

Is Japanese easier for Spanish speakers? The sounds are: five similar vowels and clear syllables. What transfers from Spanish, what doesn’t (word order, the r sound, long vowels, politeness) and how to study.

2 min read
Japanese for Tea Ceremony, Ikebana and Calligraphy Students

The Japanese you need to study a traditional art: polite phrases for lessons, tea ceremony greetings, ikebana and calligraphy vocabulary, and how lessons with a Japanese teacher work.

2 min read
Japanese Greetings: Hello, Good Morning and the Phrases You’ll Use Every Day

Essential Japanese greetings by time of day, meeting someone new, everyday set phrases like itadakimasu and otsukaresama, saying goodbye and bowing.

3 min read
How to Improve Your Japanese Handwriting: Stroke Order, Balance and Practice

The basic stroke order rules, the three stroke endings (tome, hane, harai), common handwriting problems with fixes, a ten-minute daily routine and how to get feedback online.

3 min read
Japanese Homework Help for School and University Students

How a Japanese tutor helps with homework without doing it for the student: particles, verb forms, kanji, essays and speaking tasks, for school and university courses.

3 min read
Japanese Honorifics Explained: San, Sama, Kun, Chan, Sensei and Senpai

How to use Japanese honorifics: -san as the safe default, -sama for customers and letters, -kun and -chan, titles like sensei and senpai, and the rules learners often miss.

3 min read
Japanese Katakana Loanwords: Sound Rules, False Friends and Wasei Eigo

Why English words sound different in Japanese, the sound rules behind katakana loanwords, shortened words, false friends like mansion and claim, and made-in-Japan English.

2 min read
Online Japanese Lessons from the US, UK, Europe or Australia: Time Zones and Scheduling

Time differences between Japan and North America, the UK, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Asia, the lesson times that usually work, and how to set up a schedule you can keep.

3 min read
Japanese Lessons for Beginners: Your First Lessons and First Month

What Japanese lessons for complete beginners look like: what you learn first, a sample first month, how to prepare, what to ask a tutor and common beginner worries.

5 min read
Japanese Lessons for Couples: Learning Together or Separately

How couples can learn Japanese together: shared lessons for two vs separate one-to-one lessons, what a lesson for two looks like, practising at home and what to do when you learn at different speeds.

3 min read
Learning Japanese as a Family: Lessons for Parents and Children

How families can learn Japanese together: shared or separate lessons for parents and children, daily Japanese habits at home, keeping everyone motivated, and planning around a move, a trip or Japanese grandparents.

2 min read
Online Japanese Lessons for Kids and Teens: What Works at Each Age

How children and teenagers learn Japanese online with a native tutor: lesson length and focus by age, heritage learners, school exams and how parents can help.

3 min read
Learning Japanese with Dyslexia or ADHD: How Lessons Can Fit You

Can you learn Japanese with dyslexia or ADHD? Yes. Why spoken Japanese and kana can be easier than you expect, how to approach kanji, and how one-to-one lessons can be shaped around the way you focus and read.

2 min read
Japanese Numbers and Counters: A Practical Guide

Learn Japanese numbers, man (10,000) and the counters you need first: tsu, nin, mai, hon, ko and hiki, plus how to say prices, tell the time and read dates.

4 min read
Japanese Onomatopoeia: Giongo and Gitaigo You’ll Hear Every Day

What Japanese onomatopoeia are, the everyday words to learn first, food textures, describing pain at the doctor, how to use them in a sentence and how to learn them.

3 min read
Japanese Particles Explained: は, が, を, に, で and More

What Japanese particles do, with a table of the common ones and examples, plus simple ways to tell は from が and に from で so your sentences sound natural.

3 min read
Japanese Passive and Causative Forms: Rareru, Saseru and Saserareru

How to form and use the Japanese passive (rareru), the causative (saseru) and the causative-passive (saserareru), with the suffering passive, work phrases like omatase shimashita, and common mistakes.

2 min read
Japanese Pitch Accent: What It Is and How to Learn It

What Japanese pitch accent is, the four basic patterns with examples like hashi (chopsticks, bridge, edge), how much it matters and how to train your ear and get feedback.

3 min read
Japanese Pronunciation Guide: Vowels, Rhythm and Pitch

Learn Japanese pronunciation: the five vowels, long vowels, small っ, ん and pitch accent, with minimal pairs that show why rhythm matters more than accent.

3 min read
Japanese Seasonal Greetings for Letters: Month-by-Month Phrases

The seasonal greeting (jikō no aisatsu) that opens a Japanese letter, with formal and warm phrases for every month, letters that skip it, and seasonal cards like nengajō and shochū mimai.

3 min read
How to Introduce Yourself in Japanese (Jikoshōkai)

How to give a Japanese self-introduction: hajimemashite, yoroshiku onegai shimasu, useful phrases, casual and business versions, and sample introductions.

4 min read
Japanese Sentence Structure: Word Order, Particles and Leaving Things Out

How Japanese sentences work: the verb comes last, particles mark each word’s role, descriptions go before the noun, obvious words are dropped and questions just add ka.

3 min read
Japanese Shadowing: How to Do It and Why It Works

What shadowing is, why it improves Japanese listening, pronunciation and speaking speed, a seven-step method, how to choose audio and the mistakes that stop it working.

3 min read
A Weekly Japanese Study Routine for Busy Adults

A simple weekly routine for learning Japanese around work and family: short daily sessions, a sample week, using small gaps, measurable goals and getting back on track.

4 min read
Japanese Tattoo Translation: Check It Before You Ink It

How to get a Japanese tattoo right: the most common translation mistakes, kanji vs hiragana vs katakana, fonts and strokes, what to ask a native checker and tattoos in Japan.

3 min read
The Japanese Te-Form: How to Make It and 8 Ways to Use It

How to make the Japanese te-form for every verb group (the って, んで, いて and して rules, plus 行く), and the eight everyday patterns it unlocks: requests, -ing, linking actions, permission, rules, trying, after and regret.

2 min read
Japanese Transitive and Intransitive Verbs: Akeru vs Aku and Other Pairs

How Japanese transitive and intransitive verb pairs work (akeru/aku, shimeru/shimaru, kesu/kieru), the を and が rule, patterns that help you guess, ~te iru vs ~te aru, and why Japanese describes accidents with intransitive verbs.

2 min read
Japanese Tutor vs Language School: Which Is Right for You?

An honest comparison of Japanese language schools and private or online tutors: schedule, pace, speaking time, content, cost, and when to combine the two.

3 min read
Japanese Tutoring for University Students: Keeping Up, Oral Exams and a Year Abroad

How a Japanese tutor helps university students: keeping up with fast courses, oral exams, presentations, kanji tests and preparing for a year abroad, without crossing academic integrity lines.

4 min read
Japanese Verb Conjugation Basics: Masu Form, Plain Form and Te-Form

A beginner’s guide to Japanese verbs: masu vs plain form, the three verb groups, negative, past and the te-form, with a table of the key patterns.

4 min read
Kansai-ben and Japanese Dialects: What Learners Should Know

Should you learn a Japanese dialect? Kansai-ben essentials compared with standard Japanese, other dialects like Hakata-ben, and how to learn to understand them.

3 min read
Keeping a Japanese Diary: How to Start and Get It Corrected

Writing a short Japanese diary (nikki) every day is one of the easiest ways to improve your writing and grammar. How to start with three sentences, a simple template, plain or polite form, a sample entry and how to get corrections.

2 min read
Language Exchange vs Japanese Tutor: Which Is Better for You?

How a free language exchange compares with a paid Japanese tutor on structure, corrections and progress, when each one works best, and how to combine them.

2 min read
How to Learn Japanese with Anime, Dramas and Podcasts

Use anime, dramas, YouTube and podcasts to learn Japanese: choosing content for your level, a subtitle strategy, shadowing, and phrases to avoid in real life.

5 min read
Learning Japanese with Video Games: What Works and What to Watch Out For

How to learn Japanese from video games: why they work, which games suit each level, a simple play-and-learn routine, “game Japanese” to avoid copying and why you still need speaking practice.

3 min read
Is It Too Late to Learn Japanese? Learning in Your 40s, 50s, 60s and Beyond

Why it is never too late to learn Japanese: myths about age, the advantages adult learners have, methods that work, and tips for online lessons.

3 min read
Online Japanese Lessons: What to Expect and How to Get the Most from Them

What online Japanese lessons over video are like: whether they work as well as in person, what you need, a typical lesson plan, your first lesson, tips for progress and how often to take lessons.

4 min read
Afraid to Speak Japanese? How to Overcome Speaking Anxiety

Why speaking Japanese feels harder than reading, phrases that buy you time, a step-by-step way to build confidence and how one-to-one lessons help nervous learners start talking.

3 min read
Private vs Group Japanese Lessons: Which Is Right for You?

Private or group Japanese lessons? A side-by-side comparison of speaking time, pace, cost and scheduling, when each works best, options for companies, and how to combine both.

3 min read
How to Read Japanese News: Where to Start at Your Level

When you can start reading the news in Japanese, which news to read at N4, N3, N2 and N1, how headline Japanese works (〜へ, 〜か, 見通し), and a 20-minute routine that builds reading and speaking.

2 min read
Singing in Japanese: Pronunciation Tips for Singers and Choirs

How to sing a Japanese song convincingly: the five pure vowels, long vowels and small っ, tricky consonants, bidakuon, understanding the lyrics and a preparation plan for performers.

3 min read
When to Switch Japanese Tutors (and How to Do It Without Losing Progress)

Signs it’s time to change your Japanese tutor, how to tell your current tutor politely, what to tell a new one so you don’t start from zero, and how to use a trial lesson to choose well.

2 min read
Texting in Japanese: LINE Messages, Abbreviations and Stamps

How Japanese friends text: LINE, casual messages that sound natural, abbreviations like ryo and w, stamps and kaomoji, read receipts, and when to switch back to polite Japanese.

2 min read
How to Say Thank You and Sorry in Japanese: Arigatō, Sumimasen and More

When to use arigatō, arigatō gozaimasu, sumimasen, gomen nasai and mōshiwake arimasen, the many jobs of sumimasen, how to reply, and apologising at work.

3 min read
How to Understand Spoken Japanese at Natural Speed

Why spoken Japanese feels fast and how to train your listening: common contractions, a daily listening routine, learning vocabulary by sound and live conversation practice.

3 min read
How to Write Your Name in Japanese: Katakana Spellings Explained

How to write your name in Japanese katakana: common names with examples, the sound rules that change names, spelling by pronunciation, kanji names and using your name in Japan.

3 min read
How to learn hiragana and katakana in two weeks

A simple two-week plan for learning to read hiragana and katakana, with the small rules and look-alike characters that trip beginners up.

2 min read
Japanese lessons vs language apps: what each is good for

What language apps do well for learning Japanese, where they stop, what a tutor adds, and how to combine both to progress faster.

2 min read

JLPT and exams

Choosing a level, study plans and exam-day advice for the Japanese-Language Proficiency Test.

BJT Business Japanese Proficiency Test: Levels, Format and How to Prepare

What the BJT is, how the 0–800 score maps to levels J5 to J1+, what each section tests, how it compares with the JLPT, and how to prepare with keigo, business reading and listening.

3 min read
Can You Take the JLPT Online? What You Can and Can’t Do Remotely

The JLPT is a paper test taken in person at an official test site, with no at-home version. What you can do online (registration, practice tests, tutoring, results), fake online JLPT sites, and computer-based alternatives.

2 min read
Does the JLPT Test Speaking? What the Exam Measures and What It Doesn’t

No, the JLPT has no speaking or writing section. What it does test, why N2 holders can still struggle to talk, how employers see it and how to add speaking to JLPT prep.

4 min read
How to Prepare for the EJU Japanese Section

What the EJU (Examination for Japanese University Admission) Japanese section covers, how it differs from the JLPT, how to prepare for writing, reading and listening, and a sample timeline.

3 min read
Failed the JLPT? How to Read Your Score and Pass Next Time

Failed the JLPT? How to read your score report and reference grades, the common reasons people fail, whether to retake the same level and a plan for your next attempt.

4 min read
From JLPT N3 to N2: What Changes and a Nine-Month Plan

Passed N3? What changes at N2 in reading, listening, grammar and vocabulary, five typical N2 grammar patterns, a nine-month study plan, and the most common reasons learners stall between N3 and N2.

2 min read
From JLPT N4 to N3: what changes and how to prepare

Why the step from JLPT N4 to N3 feels so big, and how to prepare: intermediate grammar, building vocabulary, a daily reading habit and natural-speed listening.

4 min read
From JLPT N5 to N4: What’s New and a Study Plan

Passed N5? N4 roughly doubles the kanji and vocabulary and adds the verb forms you need for real conversation: te-form, plain form, potential, volitional, conditionals and giving and receiving. What changes and a month-by-month plan.

2 min read
High School Japanese Exams: Tutoring for AP, IB, GCSE, VCE, HSC and NCEA

How to prepare for school Japanese exams such as AP, IB, GCSE, VCE, HSC and NCEA: what they have in common, where students struggle, a revision plan and how a tutor helps.

3 min read
How to Register for the JLPT Outside Japan

How JLPT registration works in the US, UK, Europe, Australia and elsewhere outside Japan: test dates, local host institutions, application steps, a preparation timeline and common mistakes.

4 min read
The Japanese OPI (Oral Proficiency Interview): What It Is and How to Prepare

What the ACTFL Japanese OPI tests, how the interview works, what the levels from Novice to Superior mean, who asks for it (universities, employers, teacher programmes) and how to prepare with mock interviews.

2 min read
Japanese Placement Tests: What to Expect and How to Prepare

What Japanese placement tests for exchanges, language schools and university courses include, why you shouldn’t cram, a four-week review plan and the placement interview.

3 min read
Preparing for a Japanese Speaking Exam: School, University and Interview Orals

How to prepare for a Japanese speaking exam or oral interview: common formats, what examiners listen for, how to practise and what to do on the day.

3 min read
How to Prepare for a Japanese Speech Contest: Script, Delivery and Judges’ Questions

A step-by-step plan for a Japanese speech contest: choosing a topic, writing in your own Japanese, getting a native check, pronunciation, the judges’ questions and a six-week timeline.

3 min read
JFT-Basic Test: Format, Passing Score and How to Prepare

What the JFT-Basic is, its four sections and 10–250 score, why 200 matters for the Specified Skilled Worker visa, how it compares with JLPT N4, and a practical way to prepare.

2 min read
Do You Need the JLPT for a Japanese Visa?

Where the JLPT matters for Japanese visas: Specified Skilled Worker, Highly Skilled Professional points, language schools and work visas, plus how to time your test.

3 min read
Can Children Take the JLPT? A Guide for Parents

Whether children can take the JLPT, when it is a good idea, which level to start with, how to prepare a child for the exam format and what to expect on test day.

2 min read
JLPT Grammar Tips: How to Learn Patterns and Answer Every Question Type

How to learn JLPT grammar that sticks: how grammar is tested, the ★ sentence order questions, text grammar, similar-looking patterns, review systems and common mistakes.

5 min read
Can You Pass the JLPT in Six Months? Realistic Targets and a Study Plan

Which JLPT level you can realistically pass in six months from your starting point, the dates to check, a month-by-month plan and the mistakes to avoid.

3 min read
JLPT in July or December? How to Choose Your Test Session

How to choose between the July and December JLPT: checking what your city offers, working back from when you need your result, reasons for each session and planning backwards from test day.

3 min read
JLPT Kanji Tips: How Many You Need and How to Study Them

How kanji are tested on the JLPT, roughly how many you need for N5 to N1, how to learn them through words, a daily routine and the reading traps that cost points.

4 min read
JLPT Listening Tips: How to Train for the Listening Section

How to prepare for JLPT listening: the kinds of tasks you’ll meet, daily habits that build your ear, note-taking that helps, and strategies for the exam itself.

4 min read
A Study Plan for JLPT N1

What JLPT N1 represents, what changes from N2, a phased study plan, and how to build the reading speed, listening skills and vocabulary nuance N1 demands.

4 min read
Can You Pass JLPT N2 in One Year? Where You Need to Start

Passing JLPT N2 in a year is realistic from a solid N3 level, hard from N4 and very unlikely from zero. How much study it takes, a quarter-by-quarter plan, and why reading speed decides most N2 results.

2 min read
JLPT N2 or N1: Which Should You Aim For?

How JLPT N2 and N1 compare in reading, listening and real-world use, who should aim for each, the size of the gap between them and why speaking still matters.

2 min read
A study plan for JLPT N2

What JLPT N2 broadly means for work and study, a phased study plan, how to tackle grammar, vocabulary, reading and listening, and how to avoid burnout.

5 min read
A Study Plan for JLPT N3

A JLPT N3 study plan: what N3 covers, how the three sections are scored, a phased plan from N4, where learners lose points and how a tutor helps.

4 min read
A Study Plan for JLPT N4

What JLPT N4 covers, what to know before you start, a five-phase study plan, the grammar that trips learners up, how to use practice tests and why speaking practice matters at this level.

4 min read
Can You Pass JLPT N5 in Three Months? A Realistic 12-Week Plan

Yes, many beginners can pass JLPT N5 in three months with about an hour of study a day. What N5 covers, a week-by-week plan from kana to practice tests, and why you should register before you start.

2 min read
A study plan for JLPT N5

What JLPT N5 covers, a step-by-step study plan from kana to exam practice, the types of resources worth using, and how to get the most out of practice tests.

4 min read
JLPT Practice Tests: Official Materials, Mock Exams and How Scoring Works

Where to find official JLPT sample questions and practice workbooks, when to start mock tests, how to take them under exam conditions, review mistakes and read your score.

5 min read
JLPT Reading Tips: Strategy, Time Management and Speed

How to tackle JLPT reading: managing your time, reading the questions first, building reading speed, learning kanji and vocabulary, and using graded readers.

4 min read
JLPT Results and Certificates: When They Come Out and How to Use Them

When JLPT results are released, how to read your score report and section scores, score report vs certificate, and using your certificate for jobs, visas and study.

3 min read
JLPT test day: what to bring and how to manage your time

A practical guide to JLPT test day: what to bring, what to do the day before and how to manage your time in the vocabulary, grammar, reading and listening parts

4 min read
JLPT Testing Accommodations for Candidates with Disabilities

Does the JLPT offer accommodations for disabilities? Yes. What kinds of support exist (such as braille or large-print papers, extra time, a separate room or wheelchair access), how to apply in advance and how to prepare.

2 min read
JLPT Tutoring: How a Tutor Helps You Pass, and When You Need One

What a JLPT tutor does that prep books can’t, who benefits most, what exam-focused lessons look like, how many lessons you might need and what to look for in a JLPT tutor.

3 min read
How to Learn Vocabulary for the JLPT

How to learn JLPT vocabulary that sticks: how words are tested, using spaced repetition without burning out, better flashcards, learning in context and common traps.

4 min read
JLPT vs Other Japanese Tests: BJT, J.TEST, NAT-TEST and JFT-Basic

How the JLPT compares with the BJT, J.TEST, NAT-TEST and JFT-Basic: what each measures, how results work, who each suits, and how to choose the right Japanese test.

3 min read
Kanji Kentei (Kanken): Levels, Format and How Learners Can Prepare

What the Kanken kanji test is, how it differs from the JLPT, what each level covers, what the handwritten questions ask, where to take it and how learners of Japanese can prepare.

3 min read
MEXT Scholarship Interview and Japanese Test: How to Prepare

How to prepare for the embassy stage of the Japanese Government (MEXT) Scholarship: how selection usually works, likely interview questions, answering in Japanese, common mistakes and a plan.

3 min read
Can You Skip JLPT Levels? How to Decide and Prepare

Whether you can skip JLPT levels, which skips are common, how to decide using practice tests and section scores, the risks, and a study plan that works.

3 min read
JLPT levels explained: which one should you take?

The five JLPT levels from N5 to N1, how the test works, and how to choose the right level for travel, study or a job in Japan.

3 min read

Travel and life in Japan

Japanese and know-how for trips, restaurants, shops, the doctor and settling in after a move.

Attending a Japanese Funeral: Etiquette, Kōden and What to Say

What to expect at a Japanese funeral as a foreign guest: the wake and funeral, what to wear, condolence money (kōden), offering incense, condolence phrases and what happens afterwards.

3 min read
Buying a Car in Japan as a Foreign Resident: Steps, Documents and Japanese

How to buy a car in Japan as a foreigner: kei car or regular car, the parking certificate, seal certificate, shaken inspections, compulsory and voluntary insurance, car tax, and the Japanese you need at the dealer.

2 min read
Japanese at the convenience store

Konbini Japanese made easy: what staff ask at the register, how to answer, paying, and the extra services like bill payment and parcels. Phrases with romaji.

3 min read
Driving in Japan: International Driving Permit, Road Rules and Japanese for the Road

How to drive in Japan as a visitor: the International Driving Permit or official translation, road rules that surprise visitors, sign words, rental and petrol station phrases.

3 min read
Eating Out in Japan: Restaurant Phrases and Manners

From irasshaimase to paying at the register: the Japanese phrases you need in restaurants, plus ordering tips, why you never tip and chopstick manners.

4 min read
Writing Farewell Letters When You Leave Japan

How to say goodbye in writing when you leave Japan: who to thank, customs like sweets for the office, what to write, the right tone for colleagues, teachers and neighbours, and key phrases.

3 min read
Filing a Tax Return in Japan: The Japanese You Need for Kakutei Shinkoku

The Japanese words and documents for a tax return in Japan (kakutei shinkoku): who usually files, year-end adjustment, the withholding slip, common deductions, the tax office and e-Tax, and phrases for asking for help. Language help, not tax advice.

2 min read
Food Allergies and Dietary Needs in Japan: Phrases, Hidden Ingredients and Allergy Cards

How to eat safely in Japan with food allergies or as a vegetarian, vegan or halal eater: hidden ingredients like dashi, allergen labels, key phrases and a Japanese allergy card.

3 min read
Writing a Get-Well Letter in Japanese: What to Say and What to Avoid

How to write a get-well letter (omimai-jō) in Japanese: why it skips the seasonal greeting, what to say, taboo words, why not to say ganbatte, gifts for hospital visits and letters to colleagues.

3 min read
Getting a Phone and SIM Card in Japan: What You Need and What to Say

How foreigners get a phone plan or SIM in Japan: tourist eSIMs vs resident contracts, what ID and payment you need, the Japanese words used in the shop and phrases to avoid paying for extras.

3 min read
Having a Baby in Japan as a Foreigner: Steps, Japanese Words and Getting Help

A guide for foreign residents having a baby in Japan: registering the pregnancy, the boshi techō, choosing a hospital, words used at check-ups, epidurals, paperwork after the birth and using an interpreter.

3 min read
Hosting a Japanese Exchange Student: Tips and Japanese for Host Families

How to host a Japanese exchange student: preparing before arrival, simple Japanese words, communication tips (why yes may not mean yes), food and daily life, gifts, goodbyes and talking with their parents.

2 min read
How Much Japanese Do You Need to Live in Japan?

How much Japanese you need to live in Japan, by level, city and job: where it makes the biggest difference, and a realistic plan to prepare before you move.

3 min read
How to Address an Envelope to Japan: Address Order, Sama and Onchū

How to address a letter to Japan: the order of a Japanese address, vertical and Western envelopes, choosing sama, sensei or onchū, return envelopes and posting from overseas.

3 min read
Hiring a Private English–Japanese Interpreter for Your Trip to Japan

When a private interpreter is worth it on a trip to Japan (workshops, food and farm visits, family and heritage trips), how an interpreter differs from a guide, how to plan, tips on the day and what to expect.

2 min read
An English–Japanese Interpreter for Your Wedding: Bringing Both Families Together

How an English–Japanese interpreter helps at a bilingual wedding: the family meeting, speeches, vows and reception, options from key moments to the whole day, translated speeches, online relatives and cultural points.

2 min read
Buying Property or an Akiya in Japan: Using an English–Japanese Interpreter

How an English–Japanese interpreter helps when buying a house, apartment or akiya in Japan: agent calls, online viewings, the important-matters explanation, professionals involved and documents.

3 min read
An Interpreter for Calls with Japanese Banks, Landlords and Offices

How to use an English–Japanese interpreter for calls with Japanese banks, phone companies, landlords, utilities, insurers and city offices: how it works, what to prepare and what to expect.

3 min read
An Interpreter for Family Calls with Japanese Relatives

When and how to use a Japanese–English interpreter for family conversations: meeting your partner’s parents, weddings, elderly relatives, tone and politeness, and how to prepare.

4 min read
Need an Interpreter for a Doctor’s Appointment in Japan? Your Options

Your options for language help at medical appointments in Japan: emergencies, hospitals with interpreters, local support, insurance, booking an interpreter, and how to prepare.

4 min read
An Interpreter for School Meetings in Japan: Parent–Teacher Meetings and More

How to get an interpreter for parent–teacher meetings at a Japanese school: types of school meetings, where to find help, how to prepare and questions parents often ask.

4 min read
Hiring an Interpreter to Meet Your Japanese Relatives

How an English–Japanese interpreter helps when you visit Japanese relatives: first meetings, family meals, grave visits and family history, how to brief the interpreter, dialects, and a few phrases and gift customs to prepare yourself.

2 min read
Japanese at the Dentist: Booking, Describing Pain and Insurance

How to book a dentist in Japan, phrases for describing tooth pain, what you’ll hear in the chair, insurance and self-paid treatment, and help for children.

2 min read
Japanese for the doctor and pharmacy

Japanese for clinics and pharmacies: describing symptoms, body parts, the insurance card and questionnaire, and pharmacy phrases. In an emergency, call 119.

3 min read
Japanese at the Hair Salon: Booking, Explaining Your Cut and What You’ll Hear

How to get a haircut in Japan: salons and barbers, the words to know, booking, explaining the cut you want, the questions you’ll hear during the shampoo and paying.

2 min read
Japanese at the Hotel: Check-In, Requests and Checking Out

Hotel Japanese for your trip: checking in with a reservation, why hotels ask for your passport, keeping luggage, polite requests, types of accommodation and checking out.

3 min read
Japanese at the Pharmacy: Drugstores, Prescriptions and Medicine Words

The difference between drugstores and dispensing pharmacies in Japan, phrases for buying medicine, filling a prescription, the medicine notebook and allergies.

2 min read
Japanese at the Post Office: Sending Parcels, Redelivery and Moving

The Japanese words and phrases you need at a Japanese post office: sending letters and parcels abroad, customs forms, registered mail, missed-delivery slips, redelivery and forwarding mail when you move.

2 min read
Japanese at the Vet: Taking Your Pet to an Animal Hospital in Japan

How to take a pet to the vet in Japan: booking, describing symptoms, vaccines and prevention, dog registration, costs and pet insurance, and moving to Japan with a pet.

2 min read
Japanese at the City or Ward Office: Registering Your Address and More

What to do at the city or ward office after moving to Japan, the key procedures (tennyū todoke, jūminhyō, health insurance, My Number), phrases for the counter, words on the forms and tips for the visit.

3 min read
Writing a Japanese Condolence Letter: Structure, Taboo Words and Etiquette

How to write a condolence letter (okuyami-jō) in Japanese: why it skips the usual openings, words to avoid, religious phrases, a simple structure and sending condolence money by post.

3 min read
Japanese for Your Health Check in Japan (Kenkō Shindan and Ningen Dock)

What happens at a Japanese health check (kenkō shindan) or ningen dock, the words on the questionnaire and at each station, fasting and preparation, phrases to use, and how to read your results.

2 min read
Japanese for a Homestay: Greetings, House Rules and Living with a Host Family

The Japanese you need for a homestay in Japan: daily greetings, introducing yourself to your host family, asking about house rules, telling them your plans and mentioning allergies.

3 min read
Japanese for a Ski Trip to Japan: Lift Passes, Rentals, Safety Signs and Onsen

The Japanese that helps on a ski or snowboard trip to Japan: resort vocabulary, buying lift passes, renting gear in your size, safety signs, emergencies and onsen etiquette.

3 min read
Japanese for a Working Holiday in Japan: Jobs, Phrases and How to Prepare

How much Japanese you need for a working holiday in Japan: the language level common jobs expect, phrases for part-time work, job interviews, settling in and a preparation timeline.

3 min read
Accessible Travel in Japan: Japanese Phrases for Wheelchair Users and Access Needs

Japanese phrases for travelling in Japan with a disability or access needs: asking for lifts, step-free routes and help boarding trains, hotels and ryokan, sights, medication and a needs card in Japanese.

2 min read
Japanese for Digital Nomads and Remote Workers in Japan

The Japanese remote workers need for a stay in Japan: co-working spaces, short-term rentals, SIM cards and etiquette, plus visa basics and a plan before you go.

3 min read
Japanese for Emergencies: Earthquakes, Police and Lost Property

Emergency numbers in Japan, phrases for calling an ambulance or the police, what to do in an earthquake or tsunami warning, disaster words and how to report lost property.

4 min read
Japanese for Hiking in Japan: Trail Signs, Mountain Huts and Safety

The Japanese words on trail signs, phrases for the trail, mountain huts and buses, and mountain customs to know, from climbing plans and hut bookings to bears, weather warnings and Mount Fuji rules.

3 min read
Japanese for Parents in Japan: Nursery, School Letters and the Contact Notebook

Japanese for parents in Japan: hoikuen and yōchien, primary school, the renrakuchō contact notebook, school letters, calling in sick, parent-teacher meetings and PTA.

5 min read
Japanese for Accompanying Partners: Moving to Japan for Your Partner’s Job

Why the accompanying partner of an expat needs Japanese most, what to learn first, building a social life, working or volunteering on a dependent visa, and making time to study.

3 min read
Japanese for Trains and Getting Around

Station signs, IC cards and tickets, phrases for asking the way, taking a taxi and train etiquette: the Japanese you need to get around Japan with confidence.

4 min read
Japanese Seasons and Festivals: Words, Events and Greetings

A season-by-season guide to Japan’s festivals and events, from hanami and summer matsuri to autumn leaves and New Year, with small talk phrases and seasonal greetings.

3 min read
Giving a Wedding Speech with Japanese Guests: Structure, Words to Avoid and Translation

How to give a wedding speech when Japanese guests are listening: who speaks, the usual structure, imi-kotoba words to avoid, bilingual options and practising your Japanese lines.

3 min read
Joining a Gym in Japan: Japanese for Sign-Up, Rules and Classes

How joining a gym works in Japan: trial visits, joining fees and monthly plans, the ID you need, tattoo and indoor-shoe rules, cancelling, and the Japanese phrases for the front desk and classes.

2 min read
Learning Japanese Before a Trip to Japan: How Much You Need and a 4-Week Plan

How much Japanese is worth learning before a trip to Japan, a four-week plan from survival phrases to small talk, whether to learn kana, and why practising with a person helps.

3 min read
Learning Japanese for Your Partner: What to Learn and How to Practise Together

Learning Japanese for a Japanese partner: why couples teaching each other stalls, what to learn first, partner-speech vs polite Japanese and how to practise together.

5 min read
Leaving Japan Checklist: What to Do Before You Move Out of Japan

A checklist for moving out of Japan: the moving-out notice at the ward office, residence card, apartment notice and deposit, utilities and phone, bank account, large rubbish, resident tax and pension, with the Japanese you’ll need.

2 min read
Writing a Letter to Your Partner’s Japanese Parents

How to write to your partner’s parents in Japan: when to write, the right level of politeness, what to include, what to avoid, and why a native writer outside the family helps.

3 min read
Living in a Japanese Neighbourhood: Rubbish, Neighbours and Local Life

Everyday life in a Japanese neighbourhood: rubbish sorting, greeting neighbours, noise and shared spaces, notices and the neighbourhood association, with the Japanese you need.

4 min read
Writing a Love Letter in Japanese: Words of Affection and Tone

How to write a love letter to a Japanese partner: how Japanese expresses love, suki vs aishiteru, casual or polite, occasions, and why apps make romantic letters sound dramatic.

3 min read
Making Friends in Japan: Where to Meet People and What to Say

Where to meet people in Japan, from hobby circles to language exchanges, plus conversation starters, casual speech, and how to invite or decline politely.

4 min read
Meeting Your Japanese Partner’s Family: Phrases, Gifts and Manners

How to prepare for meeting your Japanese partner’s family: what to ask your partner, polite phrases with pronunciation, choosing a gift, manners at home, conversation topics and following up.

3 min read
Moving to Japan: a first-month checklist

Your first month in Japan: residence card, address registration, health insurance, pension, My Number, bank and phone, plus Japanese for the city office.

4 min read
Opening a Bank Account in Japan: What to Bring and the Japanese You’ll Need

What you need to open a bank account in Japan as a foreign resident, key banking words, questions at the counter, everyday banking, and getting help with the Japanese.

3 min read
Preparing Your Child for School in Japan: Japanese and Routines

How to prepare a child for a Japanese school: first phrases, school routines like lunch and cleaning time, hiragana and kanji, and support after the move.

3 min read
Renting an Apartment in Japan: Terms, Steps and Phrases

How renting a flat in Japan usually works: real estate agents, shikikin, reikin, guarantor companies, floor plans like 1K and 1LDK, the contract and phrases.

4 min read
Ryokan and Onsen Etiquette: A Guide for Your Stay

How to stay at a ryokan, from check-in, yukata and meals to the futon, plus onsen bathing etiquette step by step, tattoo policies and useful Japanese phrases.

5 min read
Shopping in Japan: Japanese Phrases for Clothes and Gifts

Japanese phrases for clothes shops and department stores: asking for sizes and colours, trying things on, gift wrapping, returns and tax-free shopping.

4 min read
Studying Abroad in Japan: How Much Japanese You Need and How to Prepare

How much Japanese you need to study in Japan: exchange programmes, language schools, English- vs Japanese-taught degrees, campus life, part-time work and preparing.

6 min read
Writing a Thank-You Letter to a Community Group in Japan

How to thank a Japanese community group, club or circle of local elders in writing: who to address, thanking the sensei first, homemade food and gifts, and making the letter easy to share.

3 min read
Writing a Thank-You Letter to Your Host in Japan: Host Families, Residencies and Stays

How to write a thank-you letter in Japanese to a host family, residency host or farm stay: the right warm but polite tone, what to mention, a simple structure, and why a native writer helps.

3 min read
Writing a Thank-You Letter to a Japanese Sensei or Master of a Craft

How to thank a Japanese sensei in writing: respectful but warm language, what to thank them for, writing to an elderly master, a gift they made you, and why a native writer gets the tone right.

3 min read
Tracing Your Japanese Family Roots: Koseki Records, Letters and Finding Relatives

How to trace Japanese ancestors from abroad: what to gather first, how the koseki family register works, who can request copies, writing to a municipal office, reading old records and contacting relatives.

4 min read
Translating Japanese Medical Records for Your Doctor at Home

How to get Japanese medical records translated into English: common documents, getting copies from a clinic, why medical translation is hard, insurance claims and privacy. Not certified translation.

3 min read
Understanding and Translating Letters from Your Child’s School in Japan

A parent’s guide to Japanese school letters (otayori): the types of notices you’ll get, the key words for what to bring and when to reply, translation options from apps to a human translator, and how to reply to the teacher.

2 min read
Translating Letters To and From Japanese: Family Letters, Cards and Thank-You Notes

How to get personal letters translated between Japanese and English: family and old handwritten letters, host family and thank-you letters, New Year cards, privacy and how to send them.

3 min read
Travelling in Japan with Kids: Tips and Japanese Phrases for Families

Is Japan good for a family trip? Very. Practical tips on trains, strollers, restaurants and baby rooms, plus the Japanese phrases parents actually need, including what to say if your child gets lost or ill.

2 min read
Visiting Temples and Shrines in Japan: Etiquette, Prayers and Goshuin

The difference between shrines and temples, how to purify and pray at each, words you’ll see like omamori and omikuji, and how to ask for goshuin stamps.

3 min read
Volunteering in Japan: Where to Start and the Japanese You Need

Ways to volunteer in Japan (international associations, disaster recovery, farm stays, events), Japanese phrases for your placement, etiquette, visa points to check and how to say thank you afterwards.

2 min read
Writing a Formal Thank-You Letter to a Japanese Professor

How to write a formal letter or thank-you note to a Japanese professor: why short and formal is right, a simple structure, keigo to get right, the envelope, and why AI often gets it wrong.

3 min read
Writing a Letter to Your Japanese Grandparents

How to write to Japanese grandparents: how polite to be, what to call them, what to write about, making a letter easy for an older reader, dialects, and why apps miss the warmth.

3 min read
Japanese phrases for your first trip to Japan

Easy Japanese phrases for greetings, restaurants, shopping, trains and taxis, with pronunciation, so you can get around Japan with confidence.

2 min read

Working in Japan

Job hunting, résumés, interviews, keigo, emails and workplace culture for international professionals.

Asking for Time Off in Japanese: Sick Days, Lateness and Leave

How to call in sick, say you’re running late, ask for paid leave, leave early and thank your team afterwards in polite workplace Japanese, with ready-to-use phrases.

3 min read
Business Japanese Lessons: What You Learn and How to Choose a Course

What business Japanese lessons cover: keigo, emails, phone calls, meetings, presentations and interviews, who they suit, the level you need to start and how to choose a business Japanese tutor.

3 min read
Career Coaching for Jobs in Japan: What It Covers and When It Helps

What career coaching for Japan covers: rirekisho and shokumu keirekisho review, job search strategy, mock interviews in Japanese, and how to choose a coach.

4 min read
Finding a job in Japan as a foreigner

Where to look for work in Japan, how much Japanese you need, how work visas tie to a job offer, which documents to prepare and how long the process takes.

4 min read
Your First Week at a Japanese Company

How to get through your first week at a Japanese company: your self-introduction, greetings through the day, asking questions, taking notes and what to expect.

4 min read
How to Give a Presentation in Japanese

Structure a presentation in Japanese and learn the opening, signposting and closing phrases, how to handle questions, tips for Japanese slides and how to practise.

4 min read
Giving a Short Speech (Aisatsu) in Japanese: Structure and Set Phrases

How to give a short speech in Japanese for a welcome, farewell, toast or company event: the four-part structure, closing phrases for each occasion, modesty, length, words to avoid and how to practise.

2 min read
Group Discussions in Japanese Job Hunting: How They Work and How to Prepare

How group discussions in Japanese recruitment work: the flow, typical topics, roles, what recruiters look for, useful Japanese phrases, mistakes to avoid and online discussions.

3 min read
Hospitality Jobs in Japan: Hotels, Ryokan, Restaurants and the Japanese You Need

Working in hotels, ryokan, restaurants and ski resorts in Japan: the kinds of jobs, visas, the Japanese level each needs, everyday customer-service phrases and interview tips.

2 min read
How to Resign from a Japanese Company Politely: Steps and Phrases

How to leave a job in Japan smoothly: notice periods, telling your manager first, taishoku negai vs taishoku todoke, handover, your last day, visa notifications and the Japanese phrases to use.

3 min read
How to Write a Jiko PR (Self-Promotion) for Japanese Job Applications

How to write a jiko PR for a Japanese résumé: how it differs from shibō dōki and gakuchika, the four-part structure, choosing your strength, an example and common mistakes.

3 min read
How to Write a Shibō Dōki (Reason for Applying) for a Japanese Job

How to write a shibō dōki for a Japanese résumé, entry sheet or interview: the three-part structure, a full example in Japanese with translation, common mistakes and how to say it out loud.

2 min read
How to Write a Shokumu Keirekisho (Japanese Work History CV)

How to write a shokumu keirekisho for jobs in Japan: how it differs from the rirekisho, the usual sections, choosing a format, writing achievements and common mistakes.

3 min read
Internships in Japan for International Students: Types, Applying and Japanese Level

The types of internship in Japan, how they connect to graduate job hunting, what you need to apply, how much Japanese you need and how to make the most of it.

3 min read
How to write a business email in Japanese

The six parts of a Japanese business email, from the addressee and opening greeting to the signature, plus set phrases, a short example and common mistakes.

3 min read
Writing Chat Messages at Work in Japanese (Slack, Teams and More)

How to write natural Japanese chat messages at work: how chat differs from email, openers, key phrases, making requests, replying and reacting, tone traps and time zones.

4 min read
Japanese for Architects and Designers: Drawings, Site Visits and Client Feedback

Japanese for architects, interior and product designers working with Japanese clients or firms: drawing and site vocabulary, Japanese units like tsubo and tatami, presenting designs, and reading indirect feedback.

2 min read
Japanese for Athletes and Coaches Moving to Japan

The Japanese professional athletes and coaches need in Japan: training calls and dressing-room phrases, injuries, team culture (senpai, kantoku, greetings), a learning plan before and after the move, and help for your family.

2 min read
Japanese for Cabin Crew and Airline Staff: Service Keigo, Safety and Interviews

The Japanese cabin crew and airline staff need: greetings and boarding, in-flight service phrases, safety instructions, handling requests and complaints, announcements and airline interviews.

2 min read
Japanese for Care Workers (Kaigo) in Japan: Tests, Phrases and Care Records

The Japanese level needed for elderly care work in Japan, the usual language tests for Specified Skilled Workers, everyday phrases with residents, care record vocabulary and how to prepare.

3 min read
Japanese for Chefs and Culinary Students: Kitchen Calls, Techniques and Hierarchy

The Japanese chefs need for a kitchen in Japan or under a Japanese chef: kitchen calls, the kitchen hierarchy, cooking techniques, tools and ingredients, hygiene and allergies.

2 min read
Japanese for Doctors, Nurses and Healthcare Staff with Japanese Patients

Japanese for clinicians who see Japanese patients: phrases for history-taking and reassurance, how patients describe pain, cultural points in the consultation, written instructions and when to use a qualified interpreter.

2 min read
Japanese for Software Engineers in Japan: What You Really Need

Do software engineers in Japan need Japanese? Where it matters (stand-ups, Slack, specs, clients), the level often asked for, key tech vocabulary and how to study.

6 min read
Japanese for Finance Professionals: Numbers, Results and Client Meetings

The Japanese finance professionals need: large numbers in man and oku, financial statement and market vocabulary, keigo for client meetings, and a realistic study plan around your work.

2 min read
Japanese for HR Professionals: Hiring, Rules and Staff Conversations

Key Japanese HR vocabulary and practices for HR teams working with Japanese staff: graduate and mid-career hiring, work rules, paid leave, social insurance, transfers, evaluations and resignations, plus phrases for one-to-one meetings. Language help, not legal advice.

2 min read
Practice for Teachers of Japanese: Keeping Your Own Japanese Sharp

For non-native teachers of Japanese at schools and universities: keeping spoken Japanese natural and current, pitch accent and keigo, JLPT N1, a native check on materials and letters, and support for school trips and exchanges.

2 min read
Japanese for Lawyers and Legal Professionals Working with Japan

Japanese for lawyers, paralegals and in-house counsel with Japanese clients: key contract vocabulary, how Japanese legal drafting reads, the different legal professions in Japan, client etiquette and a realistic study plan.

2 min read
Japanese for Researchers and Academics Moving to Japan

The Japanese international researchers need in Japan: lab life, university administration, seminars and life outside the lab, and how to study around research.

3 min read
Japanese for Sales Professionals: Visits, Proposals and Reading “We’ll Consider It”

What sales people need to know to sell to Japanese customers: relationship-first selling, visits and business cards, proposals and quotes, slow group decisions (ringi and nemawashi), key vocabulary and polite phrases, and what “we’ll consider it” really means.

2 min read
Japanese for Tour Guides and Tourism Staff Serving Japanese Visitors

Japanese for tour guides, travel agents and tourism staff: phrases for running a tour, what Japanese tour groups expect, explaining sights simply, handling delays and apologies, and working in tourism in Japan.

2 min read
Japanese Job Titles and Company Hierarchy Explained

A guide to Japanese job titles such as shachō, buchō and kachō: what they mean, how to address colleagues, talking about your boss to clients, senpai and kōhai.

3 min read
What Level of Japanese Do You Need to Work in Japan?

The Japanese level jobs in Japan really expect: what “business level” and N2 mean on job adverts, typical levels by type of job, why speaking matters in interviews, visas and how long each level takes.

3 min read
Japanese Phone Calls at Work: Phrases and a Sample Call

How to answer the office phone in Japanese, put calls through, take messages and call another company, with key phrases, a sample call and tips for nerves.

4 min read
Small Talk at Work in Japanese: Lunch, Breaks and Nomikai

How small talk works at Japanese workplaces: safe topics, aizuchi, everyday phrases with pronunciation, what to say before meetings, at lunch and at work drinks (nomikai), and polite vs casual speech.

3 min read
Japanese workplace culture: what international employees should know

Hōrensō, nemawashi, punctuality, seniority and after-work events: a balanced guide to common habits in Japanese workplaces for international employees.

4 min read
How to Write a Job Application Email in Japanese, with a Template

How to write a Japanese job application email: subject line, addressee, opening, attachments and closing, a short template, replies to interview invitations, thank-you emails and common mistakes.

2 min read
Negotiating Salary in Japan: When and How to Ask Politely

How salary negotiation works in Japan: understanding bonuses, allowances and fixed overtime, when to ask, polite Japanese phrases and what else you can negotiate.

3 min read
Nomikai Etiquette: How to Handle a Japanese Work Drinking Party

What a nomikai is and how to handle one: invitations, seating, the kanpai toast, pouring drinks, not drinking alcohol, leaving early, useful phrases and the next-morning thank you.

3 min read
Part-Time Jobs in Japan (Arubaito): Finding Work and the Japanese You Need

How international students and working holiday makers find a part-time job (baito) in Japan, the permission you need, the Japanese level for common jobs, interview questions and phrases for your first shifts.

2 min read
Performance Reviews at a Japanese Company: Self-Evaluation, Mendan and Phrases

How performance reviews (jinji hyōka) usually work at Japanese companies, how to write a self-evaluation, useful Japanese phrases for the review meeting and how to read indirect feedback.

2 min read
Relocating to Japan with Your Company: How to Prepare Your Japanese

Transferring to your company’s Japan office? Why Japanese matters even in an English-speaking role, a learning timeline before the move, your first days in the office and support for your family.

3 min read
How to Write a Research Plan (Kenkyū Keikakusho) for a Japanese Graduate School

What a kenkyu keikakusho is, when Japanese graduate schools and scholarships ask for one, a typical structure, academic writing style, contacting a professor first and common mistakes.

3 min read
Shūkatsu for International Students: Japan’s Graduate Job Hunt Explained

How shūkatsu, Japan’s graduate job-hunting season, works for international students: the timeline, entry sheets, aptitude tests, group discussions, interviews, common challenges and how to stand out.

3 min read
Speaking Up in Japanese Meetings: Phrases for Agreeing, Asking and Disagreeing

Phrases and habits for speaking up in Japanese meetings: agreeing, adding ideas, asking questions, disagreeing politely, confirming next steps, and how nemawashi works.

3 min read
The SPI Test in Japanese Job Hunting: What It Is and How to Prepare

What the SPI aptitude test used by Japanese employers includes, how you take it, why the verbal section is hard for international candidates, how to prepare and how to approach the personality test.

3 min read
Teaching English in Japan: How Much Japanese Do You Need?

Do you need Japanese to teach English in Japan? What JET, dispatch ALT companies and eikaiwa expect, plus Japanese for the staff room, students and town life.

4 min read
Should You Send a Thank-You Email After a Japanese Job Interview?

Thank-you emails after interviews aren’t expected in Japan, but a short, polite one doesn’t hurt and can help at foreign-owned companies. When to send it, the subject line, a sample email in Japanese, and what not to write.

2 min read
Translating Japanese Academic Papers and Sources for Your Research

How students and researchers can use Japanese sources: finding Japanese papers, choosing between a summary and a full translation, academic Japanese, abstracts into Japanese and briefing a translator.

3 min read
Understanding a Japanese Job Offer: Naitei, Working Conditions and What to Check

How Japanese job offers work: naitei and the paperwork, key terms such as base salary, bonuses, fixed overtime and probation, questions worth asking, and accepting or declining.

3 min read
Working at a Japanese Company Outside Japan: The Japanese and Culture That Help

Working for a Japanese subsidiary in the US, UK, Europe or Australia: how head office decisions work, why some Japanese helps your career and what to learn first.

3 min read
Working Remotely for a Japanese Company: Language, Hōrensō and Online Meetings

Working remotely for a Japanese company from abroad: how much Japanese you need, chat and email, hōrensō updates, online meeting phrases, nemawashi and time zones.

3 min read
Working with Recruiters in Japan: How Agents Work and How to Use Them Well

How recruitment agencies in Japan work for international candidates: types of recruiters, the process from registration to offer, tips for getting the most from them and useful Japanese phrases.

2 min read
Do You Need a Cover Letter in Japan? The Sōfujō and Where Motivation Goes

Japanese job applications don’t use a Western-style cover letter. Where your motivation goes instead (the shibō dōki), how to write the short covering note (sōfujō) for posted applications, a sample layout and how email applications differ.

2 min read
Writing Reports in Japanese: Structure, Style and Useful Phrases

How to write Japanese work reports, minutes and daily reports: conclusion-first structure, choosing between plain and polite style, useful phrases and common mistakes.

2 min read
Keigo basics: polite Japanese for work

The three kinds of keigo, the respectful and humble verbs to learn first, everyday work phrases and the mistakes learners make most often.

2 min read
Job interviews in Japan: questions, manners and how to prepare

What to expect in a Japanese job interview: the usual rounds, common questions in Japanese, interview manners, online interviews and how to prepare.

2 min read
How to write a rirekisho (Japanese résumé), step by step

A section-by-section guide to the Japanese résumé (rirekisho) and the shokumu keirekisho, with the mistakes international applicants make most often.

3 min read

Doing business with Japan

Translation, websites, marketing, etiquette and meetings for companies working with Japanese customers and partners.

How to Write an Apology Email to a Japanese Client

How to apologise to a Japanese client in writing: when to email and when to call or visit, the five-part structure (apology, cause, response, prevention, apology), key phrases, a sample email and common mistakes.

2 min read
Choosing a Brand Name for Japan: Katakana, Meaning and Trademark Checks

How to check a brand or product name for Japan: katakana spelling and pronunciation, meanings and associations, searchability, trademarks, and options if the name doesn’t travel.

3 min read
Business Trip to Japan: How to Prepare, From Meetings to Nomikai

How to prepare for a business trip to Japan: when to book meetings, business cards, gifts, punctuality, dress, dinners and nomikai, key phrases and follow-up.

6 min read
Customer Support for Japanese Customers: Expectations and Phrases

How overseas companies can give great customer support in Japanese: what customers expect, channels, the structure of a reply, key phrases, complaints and templates.

4 min read
Entering the Japanese Market: A First-Steps Checklist for Small Businesses

A first-steps checklist for selling in Japan: checking the fit, choosing an entry route, localising, tax-inclusive prices and seller information, building trust, payments, support, marketing and language.

3 min read
Exhibiting at a Trade Show in Japan: Materials, Booth Etiquette and Follow-Up

How to prepare for a trade show in Japan: Japanese business cards, brochures and signage, booth greetings and card etiquette, language support at the event and follow-up emails and meetings.

3 min read
Game Localisation for Japan: Translation, Character Voice and Testing

How to localise a video game for Japanese players: what needs localising, character voice, technical preparation, giving translators context, names and culture, CERO ratings and testing with native players.

3 min read
Playing Golf with Japanese Business Partners: Etiquette and Phrases

Why golf matters in Japanese business, how a round in Japan usually works, golf phrases like nice shot and osaki ni, etiquette, conversation on the course and following up afterwards.

2 min read
Hosting Japanese Visitors at Your Company: Itinerary, Meetings, Gifts and Dinner

How to host a Japanese client, partner or delegation: planning the itinerary, language support, introductions and seating, meetings, gifts, dinner and the follow-up email.

4 min read
How to Choose a Japanese Translator: Agency, Freelancer or Machine Translation

How to choose a Japanese translator: agency, freelancer or machine translation, native-language direction, subject expertise, questions to ask and red flags.

5 min read
How to Hire a Japanese–English Interpreter: Types, Cost Factors and What to Ask

How to hire a Japanese–English interpreter: defining the job, consecutive vs simultaneous, online vs in person, what to look for, what affects the price and how to brief them.

4 min read
Bringing an Interpreter to a Business Dinner in Japan

How an English–Japanese interpreter helps at a business dinner or entertaining (settai) in Japan: seating, the toast, conversation topics, speeches and gifts, how to brief the interpreter, and the etiquette of including them at the table.

2 min read
Hiring an Interpreter for a Factory or Site Visit in Japan

How an English–Japanese interpreter supports an in-person factory tour, supplier visit, plant inspection or office visit in Japan: what to send in advance, safety briefings, noise and photos, and how to follow up afterwards.

2 min read
Hiring an Interpreter for a Sports Team’s Camp or Tour in Japan

How an English–Japanese interpreter supports a sports team, club or academy in Japan: joint training and clinics, meetings with hosts and officials, media, logistics and medical visits, how to brief the interpreter, and coaching through an interpreter.

2 min read
Interpreters for School and University Delegation Visits to Japan

How an English–Japanese interpreter supports a school, university or sister-city delegation visiting Japan, or a Japanese delegation visiting you: meetings, campus tours, speeches, MOU signings and gift exchanges, and what to prepare in advance.

2 min read
Interpreters for Board Meetings with a Japanese Parent Company

How an English–Japanese interpreter helps subsidiaries of Japanese companies with board meetings, quarterly reviews and head office visits: what to prepare, timing for consecutive interpreting, and communicating well with Japanese head office.

2 min read
Filming in Japan: Working with an English–Japanese Interpreter on Location

How an English–Japanese interpreter supports a documentary, TV, commercial or YouTube shoot in Japan: pre-production calls, interviews on location, consent and privacy, release forms and subtitles afterwards.

2 min read
Hiring in Japan: Using an Interpreter for Job Interviews with Japanese Candidates

When to use an interpreter to interview Japanese job candidates, how to set up an online interview, the cultural differences to expect, and documents around hiring.

3 min read
Interviewing a Japanese Guest with an Interpreter: Podcasts, Videos and Research

How to interview a Japanese guest for a podcast, video, article or research project with a live English–Japanese interpreter: choosing a format, preparing the guest and interpreter, consent, recording and subtitles.

3 min read
Using an Interpreter for Investor Calls with Japan

When a live English–Japanese interpreter helps on pitch, due diligence and partnership calls with Japanese investors, what to send in advance, how to run the call with numbers and slides, and what to do afterwards.

3 min read
Calls with Japanese Suppliers and Factories: Interpreting for Quality Issues and Virtual Visits

How to run interpreted calls with Japanese suppliers and manufacturers: when an interpreter helps, building a shared glossary, quality-issue calls and virtual factory tours.

3 min read
Using an Interpreter for Remote Factory and Supplier Audits in Japan

How an English–Japanese interpreter supports a remote audit of a Japanese factory: quality terms to share, preparing the video call, tips on the day and the report.

3 min read
Using an Interpreter for Sales Calls and Demos with Japanese Clients

When a live English–Japanese interpreter helps on sales calls and product demos with Japanese companies, how Japanese buying decisions work, how to brief the interpreter and how to follow up.

3 min read
Using an Interpreter to Train Japanese Staff and Partners Online

How to run online training for Japanese staff, distributors or partners with a live English–Japanese interpreter: when it helps, planning for consecutive interpreting, preparing the interpreter, materials and running the session.

3 min read
Interpreter vs Translator: What’s the Difference and Which Do You Need?

The difference between a Japanese–English interpreter and a translator, when you need each, why one person isn’t always both, and how to plan projects that need both.

4 min read
Business Etiquette When Meeting Japanese Clients

Meeting Japanese clients? A step-by-step guide to exchanging business cards, bowing, where to sit, gifts and follow-up, and why no one expects perfection.

4 min read
Business Gifts and Seasonal Greetings in Japan

A guide to Japanese business gift customs for overseas companies: temiyage on visits, ochūgen and oseibo, New Year greetings, what to avoid and how customs are changing.

4 min read
Interviewing Japanese Customers: Market Research, Polite Answers and Translation

How to run customer interviews in Japan: reading polite and indirect answers, designing questions, consent, and getting recordings transcribed and translated with nuance intact.

3 min read
Japanese Customer Service Phrases for Hotels, Shops and Tours

Welcome, thank-you and apology phrases for serving Japanese guests abroad, why service expectations are high, and how to get signs and menus translated well.

4 min read
Welcoming Japanese Guests: Japanese for Guesthouse and Airbnb Hosts

How guesthouse, holiday rental and Airbnb hosts can attract and welcome Japanese guests: what Japanese travellers look for in a listing, check-in phrases, polite house rules, messages, reviews and small touches.

2 min read
Hospitality Japanese for Staff Who Serve Japanese Tourists

Japanese for hotel, restaurant, shop and tour staff outside Japan who welcome Japanese visitors: the first phrases to learn, what Japanese guests tend to expect, and a simple training plan for your team.

2 min read
Japanese Lessons for Executives: What Leaders Working with Japan Need

What executives working with Japan actually need: greetings, speeches, etiquette, how decisions are made, preparing for a visit, and when to use an interpreter.

3 min read
Japanese Proofreading and Native Checks: What They Cover and When You Need Them

What Japanese proofreading covers, how it differs from editing and translation review, what a native checker looks for, when it pays off and how to brief a proofreader.

3 min read
Japanese and English Subtitles for Your Videos: Transcription, Translation and Timing

How to add Japanese or English subtitles to a video: transcription, subtitle translation, reading-speed limits, what makes Japanese tricky, machine captions and preparing your files.

3 min read
Japanese Language Training for Employees: How to Set Up a Programme

How to set up Japanese training for your team: what each role needs, group vs private vs workshops, realistic goals, using your own business situations, culture training and keeping it going.

3 min read
Japanese Transcription: What to Know Before You Order

How to order Japanese transcription: transcription vs translation vs subtitles, verbatim or clean, why Japanese is tricky, AI tools and human review, better recordings, what affects the quote and confidentiality.

4 min read
LINE Official Account for Japan: How Overseas Businesses Can Use It

Why LINE matters for reaching customers in Japan, what a LINE Official Account can do, how to write natural Japanese messages and menus, and how to handle customer chats in Japanese.

3 min read
Localising Your App Store and Google Play Listing for Japan

How to localise an app listing for Japanese users: app name and subtitle, Japanese keywords across three scripts, screenshots and captions, descriptions, review replies and common mistakes.

3 min read
Localising Your Product for Japan: Beyond Translation

How to localise a product for Japan: text length and layout, dates, names and addresses, payment and support expectations, tone, translators and user testing.

4 min read
Machine Translation for Japanese: When It’s Good Enough and When It Isn’t

Where machine translation and AI work for Japanese, where they go wrong (subjects, politeness, terms, nuance), how to match the method to the risk and how to improve the output.

3 min read
Marketing to Japanese Customers: What’s Different

Why campaigns that work at home can fall flat in Japan: trust and detail, reviews, LINE and social channels, a polite tone, seasonal sales and localised copy.

3 min read
Running Meetings with Japanese Partners

How to run productive meetings with Japanese partners: agendas and materials in advance, why decisions take time, interpreting and online tips, and phrases.

4 min read
Negotiating with Japanese Companies: Consensus, Patience and Trust

How negotiating with Japanese companies often works: nemawashi and ringi, realistic timelines, indirect answers like kentō shimasu and written follow-up.

4 min read
Online Interpreting for Video Calls with Japan: Zoom, Teams and Google Meet

How online Japanese–English interpreting works on Zoom, Teams and Google Meet: the two set-ups, preparing the interpreter, audio, speaking through an interpreter and following up.

4 min read
Pitching to Japanese Investors and Partners: Translating Your Pitch Deck

How to localise a pitch deck for Japanese investors, corporate venture arms and partners: what to change, what to add, translation details and the meeting itself.

3 min read
Writing a Press Release for Japanese Media: Structure, Formats and Translation

How to prepare a press release for Japan: the structure Japanese media expect, headlines and leads, date and name formats, translating vs rewriting, distribution, timing and media interviews.

3 min read
How to Reply to Japanese Customer Reviews: Structure and Phrases

How to reply to Japanese customer reviews on Google Maps, booking sites, app stores and marketplaces: a five-part structure, phrases for positive and negative reviews, reading indirect complaints and building templates.

2 min read
SEO for Japan: How to Get Found on Google and Yahoo! JAPAN

SEO for the Japanese market: Google and Yahoo! JAPAN, Japanese keyword research, writing for Japanese readers, hreflang and technical set-up, trust signals and AI assistants.

4 min read
Writing a Thank-You Letter After a Business Visit to Japan

How to thank a Japanese company after a visit: email first, then a formal oreijō matched to rank, a typical structure, details Japanese readers notice, and Japanese or bilingual letters.

3 min read
Transcreation for Japan: Adapting Slogans and Marketing Copy for Japanese Customers

What transcreation is and when you need it for Japan, how it differs from translation and localisation, why marketing copy changes in Japanese, how a project works and what to prepare.

3 min read
How to Translate a Book into Japanese: Rights, Publishing Routes and the Process

How to get a book translated into Japanese: translation rights, self-publishing vs a Japanese publisher, voice and genre, vertical layout and titles, the process and machine translation.

3 min read
Translating Your Company Profile for Japan (Kaisha Annai and Kaisha Gaiyō)

What Japanese partners expect in a company profile: the kaisha gaiyō fact table, a message from the CEO, history, philosophy and clients, plus how to adapt (not just translate) your English profile for Japanese readers.

2 min read
Translating a Japanese Contract into English: What to Know Before You Sign

Why to translate a Japanese contract before signing, common terms like kō and otsu and the anti-social forces clause, what a good contract translation does, bilingual contracts and what to send when you order.

3 min read
Launching a Crowdfunding Campaign in Japan: Translating Your Page for Japanese Backers

How to adapt a Kickstarter-style campaign for Japanese crowdfunding platforms such as Makuake, CAMPFIRE and GREEN FUNDING: what Japanese backers expect, page structure, rewards (ritān), updates, backer questions and translation tips.

2 min read
Translating a Job Ad for Japanese Candidates: Format, Tone and What to Include

How to turn an English job ad into a Japanese job listing: the sections candidates expect, salary and holidays, tone, tips for foreign companies hiring in Japan and legal points to check.

2 min read
Translating a Menu into Japanese (or English): Dish Names, Allergens and Format

How restaurants, cafés and hotels can translate a menu for Japanese guests: name plus description, allergens and dietary labels, common mistakes, printed vs QR menus, and English menus in Japan.

3 min read
Translating a User Manual into Japanese: What Japanese Users Expect and How to Prepare

How to translate a user manual or quick-start guide into Japanese: what Japanese users expect, what to prepare, writing for translation, formats and regulations, review and future updates.

3 min read
Translating a Video Script for Japanese Voiceover

How to translate a script for Japanese voiceover or narration: fitting the timing, natural spoken style, marking readings, choosing voiceover, dubbing or subtitles, preparing your script and checking the recording.

2 min read
Translating Your Business Card into Japanese: Names, Titles and Layout

How to create a bilingual English–Japanese business card (meishi): writing your name in katakana, choosing the right Japanese job title, company name and address conventions, layout and common mistakes.

3 min read
Translating an E-Learning Course into Japanese: Slides, Video, Quizzes and Testing

How to translate and localise an e-learning course for Japanese learners: what needs translating, subtitles or voiceover, preparing your course, adapting examples and testing before launch.

3 min read
Translating Email Newsletters into Japanese: Subject Lines, Tone and Consent

How to adapt email newsletters for Japanese customers: subject lines, preview text, greetings and tone, consent and unsubscribe rules, design checks for Japanese text and a workflow that keeps quality up.

3 min read
Translating HR Documents for Japanese Staff: Handbooks, Policies and Onboarding

Which HR documents to translate into Japanese first, why tone and local concepts matter, legal review in Japan, how to run the project and interpreting for staff meetings.

3 min read
Translating Japanese Documents for Visas, Study and Work Abroad

Translating a koseki, juminhyo, degree or employment certificate? What certified translation means by country, names, Japanese era dates, layout and timing.

5 min read
Translating Packaging and Labels for Japan: What to Translate and How

What usually needs Japanese on product packaging and labels for Japan (name, description, ingredients or materials, instructions, warnings, importer details), how to fit Japanese text into your design, and why compliance should be checked with your importer.

2 min read
Translating Presentation Slides into Japanese: What to Prepare

How to translate a slide deck into Japanese for a meeting, pitch or talk: what to send the translator, fonts, line breaks, 万 and 億 number conversions, dates and titles, Japanese handout habits, and presenting with an interpreter.

3 min read
Translating Product Listings for Amazon Japan, Rakuten and Japanese Online Stores

How to localise product listings for Japanese shoppers: keywords, titles, detail, units, tax-inclusive prices, images, claims to be careful with, and reviews.

3 min read
Translating Social Media Posts for Japan: Platforms, Tone and Rules

Which social media platforms matter in Japan, why direct translation of posts fails, hashtags and tone, seasonal planning and Japan’s rules on labelling ads.

3 min read
Translating Surveys for Japanese Respondents: Wording, Rating Scales and Open Answers

How to translate a questionnaire for Japanese customers, staff or research participants: politeness, rating-scale differences, local answer options, testing and translating open answers back.

3 min read
Translating Terms of Service and Privacy Policies into Japanese

Which legal pages Japanese users expect, whether to translate or adapt them, why legal translation is hard, and how to keep English and Japanese versions in sync.

3 min read
Translating Tourism Materials for Japanese Visitors

Which tourism materials to translate into Japanese first (booking pages, access, safety rules, menus, signs, tour scripts), how to write for Japanese travellers, why machine translation falls short, and how to get your Japanese pages found.

2 min read
How to Work with a Japanese Interpreter in Business Meetings

How to get the most from a Japanese–English interpreter: consecutive vs simultaneous, bringing your own, briefing them, speaking in short chunks, numbers and online meetings.

4 min read
Japanese–English translation: a checklist before you order

What to prepare before ordering a Japanese–English translation: audience, final text, key terms, localisation, layout, machine translation and review.

2 min read
How to build a website for Japanese customers

What Japanese customers look for on a website: company information, detail, local formats, tax-inclusive prices, mobile design, LINE and Japanese-first copy.

2 min read